The function gpgme_op_encrypt encrypts the plaintext in the
data object plain for the recipients recp and stores the
ciphertext in the data object cipher or writes it directly to the
file set with gpgme_data_set_file_name for the data object
cipher. The type of the ciphertext created is determined by the
ASCII armor (or, if that is not set, by the encoding specified
for cipher) and the text mode attributes set for the context
ctx.
If the flag GPGME_ENCRYPT_ARCHIVE is set, then an encrypted
archive is created from the files and directories given as NUL-separated
list in the data object plain and returned in the data object
cipher. The paths of the files and directories have to
be given as paths relative to the current working directory or relative
to the base directory set with gpgme_data_set_file_name.
recp must be a NULL-terminated array of keys. The user
must keep references for all keys during the whole duration of the
call (but see gpgme_op_encrypt_start for the requirements with
the asynchronous variant).
The value in flags is a bitwise-or combination of one or multiple of the following bit values:
GPGME_ENCRYPT_ALWAYS_TRUSTThe GPGME_ENCRYPT_ALWAYS_TRUST symbol specifies that all the
recipients in recp should be trusted, even if the keys do not
have a high enough validity in the keyring. This flag should be used
with care; in general it is not a good idea to use any untrusted keys.
For the S/MIME (CMS) protocol this flag allows to encrypt to a certificate without running any checks on the validity of the certificate.
GPGME_ENCRYPT_NO_ENCRYPT_TOSINCE: 1.2.0
The GPGME_ENCRYPT_NO_ENCRYPT_TO symbol specifies that no
default or hidden default recipients as configured in the crypto
backend should be included. This can be useful for managing different
user profiles.
GPGME_ENCRYPT_NO_COMPRESSSINCE: 1.5.0
The GPGME_ENCRYPT_NO_COMPRESS symbol specifies that the
plaintext shall not be compressed before it is encrypted. This is
in some cases useful if the length of the encrypted message
may reveal information about the plaintext.
GPGME_ENCRYPT_PREPAREGPGME_ENCRYPT_EXPECT_SIGNThe GPGME_ENCRYPT_PREPARE symbol is used with the UI Server
protocol to prepare an encryption (i.e., sending the
PREP_ENCRYPT command). With the
GPGME_ENCRYPT_EXPECT_SIGN symbol the UI Server is advised to
also expect a sign command.
GPGME_ENCRYPT_SYMMETRICSINCE: 1.7.0
The GPGME_ENCRYPT_SYMMETRIC symbol specifies that the
output should be additionally encrypted symmetrically even
if recipients are provided. This feature is only supported
for the OpenPGP crypto engine.
GPGME_ENCRYPT_THROW_KEYIDSSINCE: 1.8.0
The GPGME_ENCRYPT_THROW_KEYIDS symbols requests that the
identifiers for the decrption keys are not included in the ciphertext.
On the receiving side, the use of this flag may slow down the
decryption process because all available secret keys must be tried.
This flag is only honored for OpenPGP encryption.
GPGME_ENCRYPT_WRAPSINCE: 1.8.0
The GPGME_ENCRYPT_WRAP symbol specifies that the input is an
OpenPGP message and not a plain data. This is the counterpart to
GPGME_DECRYPT_UNWRAP.
GPGME_ENCRYPT_WANT_ADDRESSSINCE: 1.11.0
The GPGME_ENCRYPT_WANT_ADDRESS symbol requests that all
supplied keys or key specifications include a syntactically valid mail
address. If this is not the case the operation is not even tried and
the error code GPG_ERR_INV_USER_ID is returned. Only the
address part of the key specification is conveyed to the backend. As
of now the key must be specified using the recpstring argument
of the extended encrypt functions. This feature is currently only
supported for the OpenPGP crypto engine.
GPGME_ENCRYPT_ARCHIVESINCE: 1.19.0
The GPGME_ENCRYPT_ARCHIVE symbol specifies that the input is a
NUL-separated list of file paths and directory paths that shall be
encrypted into an archive. This feature is currently only supported
for the OpenPGP crypto engine and requires GnuPG 2.4.1.
If GPG_ERR_UNUSABLE_PUBKEY is returned, some recipients in
recp are invalid, but not all. In this case the plaintext might
be encrypted for all valid recipients and returned in cipher (if
this happens depends on the crypto engine). More information about
the invalid recipients is available with
gpgme_op_encrypt_result.
If recp is NULL, symmetric rather than public key
encryption is performed. Symmetrically encrypted cipher text can be
deciphered with gpgme_op_decrypt. Note that in this case the
crypto backend needs to retrieve a passphrase from the user.
Symmetric encryption is currently only supported for the OpenPGP
crypto backend.
The function returns the error code GPG_ERR_NO_ERROR if the
ciphertext could be created successfully, GPG_ERR_INV_VALUE if
ctx, recp, plain or cipher is not a valid
pointer, GPG_ERR_UNUSABLE_PUBKEY if recp contains some
invalid recipients, GPG_ERR_BAD_PASSPHRASE if the passphrase
for the symmetric key could not be retrieved, and passes through any
errors that are reported by the crypto engine support routines.
The function gpgme_op_encrypt_start initiates a
gpgme_op_encrypt operation. It can be completed by calling
gpgme_wait on the context. See Waiting For Completion.
References to the keys only need to be held for the duration of this call. The user can release its references to the keys after this function returns, even if the operation is not yet finished.
The function returns the error code GPG_ERR_NO_ERROR if the
operation could be started successfully, GPG_ERR_INV_VALUE if
ctx, rset, plain or cipher is not a valid
pointer, and GPG_ERR_UNUSABLE_PUBKEY if rset does not
contain any valid recipients.
SINCE: 1.11.0
This is an extended version of gpgme_op_encrypt with
recpstring as additional parameter. If recp is NULL and
recpstring is not NULL, the latter is expected to be a linefeed
delimited string with the set of key specifications. In contrast to
recp the keys are given directly as strings and there is no need
to first create key objects. Leading and trailing white space is
remove from each line in recpstring. The keys are then passed
verbatim to the backend engine.
For the OpenPGP backend several special keywords are supported to modify the operation. These keywords are given instead of a key specification. The currently supported keywords are:
--hidden--no-hiddenThese keywords toggle between normal and hidden recipients for all following key specifications. When a hidden recipient is requested the gpg option -R (or -F in file mode) is used instead of -r (-f in file mode).
--file--no-fileThese keywords toggle between regular and file mode for all following
key specification. In file mode the option -f or -F
is passed to gpg. At least GnuPG version 2.1.14 is required to handle
these options. The GPGME_ENCRYPT_WANT_ADDRESS flag is ignored
in file mode.
--This keyword disables all keyword detection up to the end of the string. All keywords are treated as verbatim arguments.
To create a recpstring it is often useful to employ a strconcat style function. For example this function creates a string to encrypt to two keys:
char *
xbuild_recpstring (const char *key1, const char *key2)
{
char *result = gpgrt_strconcat ("--\n", key1, "\n", key2, NULL);
if (!result)
{ perror ("strconcat failed"); exit (2); }
return result;
}
Note the use of the double dash here; unless you want to specify a
keyword, it is a good idea to avoid any possible trouble with key
specifications starting with a double dash. The used strconcat
function is available in Libgpg-error 1.28 and later; Libgpg-error
(aka Gpgrt) is a dependency of GPGME. The number of arguments to
gpgrt_strconcat is limited to 47 but that should always be
sufficient. In case a larger and non-fixed number of keys are to be
supplied the following code can be used:
char *
xbuild_long_recpstring (void)
{
gpgrt_stream_t memfp;
const char *s;
void *result;
memfp = gpgrt_fopenmem (0, "w+b");
if (!memfp)
{ perror ("fopenmem failed"); exit (2); }
gpgrt_fputs ("--", memfp);
while ((s = get_next_keyspec ()))
{
gpgrt_fputc ('\n', memfp);
gpgrt_fputs (s, memfp);
}
gpgrt_fputc (0, memfp);
if (gpgrt_ferror (memfp))
{ perror ("writing to memstream failed"); exit (2); }
if (gpgrt_fclose_snatch (memfp, &result, NULL))
{ perror ("fclose_snatch failed"); exit (2); }
return result;
}
In this example get_next_keyspec is expected to return the next
key to be added to the string. Please take care: Encrypting to a
large number of recipients is often questionable due to security
reasons and also for the technicality that all keys are currently
passed on the command line to gpg which has as a platform
specific length limitation.
SINCE: 1.11.0
This is an extended version of gpgme_op_encrypt_start with
recpstring as additional parameter. If recp is NULL and
recpstring is not NULL, the latter is expected to be a linefeed
delimited string with the set of key specifications. In contrast to
recp the keys are given directly as strings and there is no need
to first create key objects. The keys are passed verbatim to the
backend engine.
This is a pointer to a structure used to store the result of a
gpgme_op_encrypt operation. After successfully encrypting
data, you can retrieve the pointer to the result with
gpgme_op_encrypt_result. The structure contains the following
members:
gpgme_invalid_key_t invalid_recipientsA linked list with information about all invalid keys for which the data could not be encrypted.
The function gpgme_op_encrypt_result returns a
gpgme_encrypt_result_t pointer to a structure holding the
result of a gpgme_op_encrypt operation. The pointer is only
valid if the last operation on the context was a
gpgme_op_encrypt, gpgme_op_encrypt_start,
gpgme_op_sign or gpgme_op_sign_start operation. If this
operation failed, this might be a NULL pointer. The returned
pointer is only valid until the next operation is started on the
context.
The function gpgme_op_encrypt_sign does a combined encrypt and
sign operation. It is used like gpgme_op_encrypt, but the
ciphertext also contains signatures for the signers listed in
ctx.
The combined encrypt and sign operation is currently only available for the OpenPGP crypto engine.
The function gpgme_op_encrypt_sign_start initiates a
gpgme_op_encrypt_sign operation. It can be completed by
calling gpgme_wait on the context. See Waiting For Completion.
The function returns the error code GPG_ERR_NO_ERROR if the
operation could be started successfully, and GPG_ERR_INV_VALUE
if ctx, rset, plain or cipher is not a valid
pointer.
SINCE: 1.11.0
This is an extended version of gpgme_op_encrypt_sign with
recpstring as additional parameter. If recp is NULL and
recpstring is not NULL, the latter is expected to be a linefeed
delimited string with the set of key specifications. In contrast to
recp the keys are given directly as strings and there is no need
to first create the key objects. The keys are passed verbatim to the
backend engine.
SINCE: 1.11.0
This is an extended version of gpgme_op_encrypt_sign_start with
recpstring as additional parameter. If recp is NULL and
recpstring is not NULL, the latter is expected to be a linefeed
delimited string with the set of key specifications. In contrast to
recp the keys are given directly as strings and there is no need
to first create the key objects. The keys are passed verbatim to the
backend engine.